Now a days a population increases day by day and food demand is also increases but land are limited so we can't get sufficient food due to insufficient food production.
To increasing food production tissue culture is most important technique to provide food demand
Terminology for tissue culture
1) Explant:-it is part/tissue taken from plant for tissue culture I.e root, steam
2) Callus:-it is produced due to the growth of the explant
3) morphogenesis:-development of different organ
4) Clones:-the genetically identical organism produced from the original parent organism
Requirements of tissue culture
1) explant
2) specialized nutrients
3) Aseptic laboratory condition
4) facility to control temperature, light and humidity
5) growth factor like auxin, cytokinins etc.
Nutrient mediummedium
The nutrient is used for this experiment is liquid/semisolid
The medium is concentration of organic and inorganic nutrient contain certain vitamins, sucrose and plant growth hormone
The ph of medium is adjusted in between 5-5.8
Methods of tissue culture
*Explant culture
Explant may be cell/tissue/plant organ piece.
Generally parenxhyma tissue is used as explant.
It is sterilized property and placed on solid nutrient medium.
The cell from explant absorb nutrients and start multiplying.
Callus formation and it's culture
Callus formation and it's culture
Callus formation and it's culture
Produced due to the growth of explant.
All the cells of callus are identical because they are produced by mitosis
Organogenesis/Morphogenesis
Now the growth of hormone like auxin and cytokinins in proper production are provided to callus to induce formation of an organ.
And finally root and shoot system will be developed
Uses of tissue culture
Micropropagation.
Production of disease free plant.
Somatic hybridization:-
The Protoplast from to different plant can be made to fuse by using fusogenic agent as poly etyline glycol.
From the resultant combined Protoplast by tissue culture a new plant verity can be produced
Ex:- potato+tomato=somato
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